Action — Immunity from civil action — Privilege of witness in court of justice — Conspiracy — Alleged conspiracy to injure by false statements — Report to Director of Public Prosecutions — Evidence at inquiry by Benchers of Inn of Court — Evidence at criminal trial — No civil cause of action: MARRINAN v. VIBART AND ANOTHER. COURT OF APPEAL
MARRINAN v. VIBART AND ANOTHER.
COURT OF APPEAL
[1963] 1 QB 528, [1962] 3 All ER 380, [1962] 3 WLR 912
HEARING-DATES: 25 July 1962
25 July 1962
CATCHWORDS:
Action — Immunity from civil action — Privilege of witness in court of justice — Conspiracy — Alleged conspiracy to injure by false statements — Report to Director of Public Prosecutions — Evidence at inquiry by Benchers of Inn of Court — Evidence at criminal trial — No civil cause of action.
HEADNOTE:
The immunity of a witness from liability in respect of anything said or done in the course of judicial proceedings (which covers disciplinary proceedings before the Benchers of an Inn of Court) and the preparation of the evidence which is to be given in those proceedings, is an immunity from actions of any sort (including an action based on alleged conspiracy to injure the plaintiff), and not merely from actions for defamation (see, particularly, p. 383, letter B, and p. 385, letter C, post).
Cabassi v. Vila ((1940), 64 C.L.R. 130) followed.
Munster v. Lamb ((1883), 11 Q.B.D. 588), Royal Aquarium and Summer and Winter Garden Society v. Parkinson ([1892] 1 Q.B. 431), Watson v. M’Ewan ([1905] A.C. 480), Hargreaves v. Bretherton ([1958] 3 All E.R. 122), and Lincoln v. Daniels ([1961] 3 All E.R. 740) applied.
Decision of SALMON, J. ([1962] 1 All E.R. 869) affirmed.
NOTES:
The judgment of SALMON, J., is expressly accepted in toto (see p. 382, letter A and p. 384, letter B, post). In considering this decision in relation to the tort of conspiracy it is accordingly material to notice that the reasoning of the decision at first instance was based not only on the principle of immunity from civil action in respect of evidence given in a court of justice, etc., but also on an analysis of the tort of conspiracy (as distinct from the corresponding crime) as consisting not merely of the agreement but of two elements, the agreement and the overt acts causing damage (see [1962] 1 All E.R. 869, holding (i), and at p. 871, letters G-I). This is, it seems, adopted by the Court of Appeal, but there is no express mention of the matter except the general acceptance of the judgment of SALMON, J., in the passages referred to above.
As to privilege of witnesses against actions for evidence given, see 24 HALSBURY’S LAWS (3rd Edn.) 49, para. 89; as to the tribunals to which that privilege extends, see ibid., 49-51, para. 90; and as to its application to all proceedings, see ibid., 51, 52, para. 91; and for cases on the subject, see 32 DIGEST 106, 107, 1371-1384.
As to the tort of conspiracy, see 37 HALSBURY’S LAWS (3rd Edn.) 128, 129, para. 222; and for cases on the subject, see 42 DIGEST 983-986, 137-164.
Cabassi v. Vila, (1940), 64 C.L.R. 130; affg. Cabassi v. Ferrando, [1940] St. R. Qd. 70.
Dawkins v. Rokeby (Lord), (1875), L.R. 7 H.L. 744; affg., (1873), L.R. 8 Q.B. 255; 42 L.J.Q.B. 63; 28 L.T. 134; 32 Digest 102, 1339.
Floyd v. Barker, (1607), 12 Co. Rep. 23; 77 E.R. 1305; 30 Digest (Repl.) 302, 768.
Hargreaves v. Bretherton, [1958] 3 All E.R. 122; [1959] 1 Q.B. 45; [1958] 3 W.L.R. 463; 1 Digest (Repl.) 28, 218.
Hendersonv. Broomhead, (1859), 4 H. & N. 569; 28 L.J. Ex. 360; 33 L.T.O.S. 302; 157 E.R. 964; 32 Digest 108, 1393.
Lincoln v. Daniels, [1961] 3 All E.R. 740; [1962] 1 Q.B. 237; [1961] 3 W.L.R. 866; 3rd Digest Supp.
Munster v. Lamb, (1883), 11 Q.B.D. 588; 52 L.J.Q.B. 726; 49 L.T. 252; 47 J.P. 805;32 Digest 105, 1368.
Revis v. Smith, (1856), 18 C.B. 126; 25 L.J.C.P. 195; 27 L.T.O.S. 106; 20 J.P. 453; 139 E.R. 1314; 32 Digest 107, 1378.
Royal Aquarium and Summer and Winter Garden Society v. Parkinson, [1892] 1 Q.B. 431; 61 L.J.Q.B. 409; 66 L.T. 513; 56 J.P. 404; 32 Digest 128, 1592.
Sorrell v. Smith, [1925] All E.R. Rep. 1; [1925] A.C. 700;94 L.J.Ch. 347; 133 L.T. 370; 42 Digest 985, 156.
Watson v. M’Ewan, Watson v. Jones, [1905] A.C. 480; 74 L.J.P.C. 151; 93 L.T. 489; 32 Digest 109, 1407.
Yates v. Lansing, (1810), 5 Johnson’s New York Supreme Ct. rep. 282; affd. (1812), 9 Johnson’s New York Supreme Ct. Rep. 395.
INTRODUCTION:
Appeal. This was an appeal by the plaintiff, Patrick Aloysius Marrinan, from a judgment of SALMON, J., given on Feb. 22, 1962 (reported [1962] 1 All E.R. 869), on a preliminary point of law, holding that the facts alleged in the statement of claim disclosed no reasonable cause of action, and, accordingly, giving judgment for the defendants, Peter Vibart and Thomas Butler. The following statement of the facts is taken from the judgment of SALMON, J.:
“The plaintiff was formerly a practising barrister, but he was disbarred on July 2, 1957. He brings this action claiming damages for conspiracy against the defendants, who are police officers attached to the Criminal Investigation Department of New Scotland Yard. In his statement of claim, the plaintiff alleges that, between July 2, 1956, and July 29, 1957, the defendants conspired together with another person to injure the plaintiff in his reputation and standing as a barrister by making false and defamatory statements against him. The plaintiff goes on to allege: (a) that in statements to the Director of Public Prosecutions, incorporated in notices of additional evidence in R. v. Blythe and Rossi *, the defendants and each of them falsely and maliciously reported that the plaintiff had obstructed Detective-inspector Philip McMahon in the execution of his duty at the Bridewell in Dublin on July 2, 1956, and had advised William Patrick Blythe to escape and avoid re-arrest; (b) that on Oct. 9, 1956, the defendants falsely and maliciously swore at the trial of William Patrick Blythe and Robert Rossi at the Central Criminal Court that an English barrister (known to the prosecution and the defence to be the plaintiff) had obstructed Detective-inspector Philip McMahon in the execution of his duty in their presence, and that they had overheard this English barrister advising William Patrick Blythe to escape and to avoid re-arrest, and © that on June 28, 1957, at an inquiry concerning the plaintiff before the Masters of the Bench of his Inn, the defendants had given evidence in the same sense as the evidence they gave at the Central Criminal Court. The plaintiff further alleges in his statement of claim that, by reason of the defendants’ alleged acts, he has been greatly injured in his character and reputation and has suffered damage. the defendants deny the allegations made against them, and set up the defence that the facts alleged in the statement of claim do not in law support any reasonable cause of action.”
* (October, 1956), Central Criminal Court, unreported.
This defence was the point of law set down for trial as a preliminary issue.
COUNSEL:
Leonard Lewis for the plaintiff. H.P.J. Milmo, Q.C., and P. C. Bowsher for the defendants.
PANEL: Sellers, Willmer and Diplock, L.JJ.
JUDGMENTBY-1: SELLERS, L.J.
JUDGMENT-1:
SELLERS, L.J.: This action is, in my view, misconceived. Those who take part in the administration of justice (and it is one of the important functions of police officers to obtain and bring evidence before the court) must be free from the fear of civil proceedings. I am inclined to think that the plaintiff (who is not unversed in the law) must know that the action does not lie and that he has issued the writ in order to annoy others and give vent to his feelings rather than genuinely to seek a redress to which he believes himself to be entitled. In these circumstances, a preliminary issue was properly raised on the pleadings and the learned judge, at a timely stage in this action, has rightly ruled that no actionable wrong has been disclosed as averred by the plaintiff in his writ and in the statement of claim.
I would be content to decide this case in the same terms as the clear judgment of SALMON, J. n(1) who sets out the relevant facts from the statement of claim, which I do not repeat, and deals with the arguments which have been submitted to the court, both before him and to this court. It is quite clear, on authority going back well into history, which learned counsel for the defendants cited briefly to us, that no court would entertain an action of this character. I do not propose to review those authorities in any detail. The principles can be found in the cases already referred to in the judgment, going back to Revis v. Smith n(2), through Henderson v. Broomhead n(3) and down to Dawkins v. Lord Rokeby n(4) in which one finds some of the earlier authorities conveniently summarised by KELLY, C.B. n(5). The Chief Baron said:
n(1) [1962] 1 All E.R. 869.
n(2) (1856), 18 C.B. 126.
n(3) (1859), 4 H. & N. 569.
n(4) (1873), L.R. 8 Q.B. 255.
n(5) (1873), L.R. 8 Q.B. at p. 263.
“The authorities are clear, uniform and conclusive, that no action of libel or slander lies, whether against judges, counsel, witnesses or parties, for words written or spoken in the ordinary course of any proceeding before any court or tribunal recognised by law. The principle which pervades and governs the numberless decisions to that effect is established by the case of Floyd v. Barker n(6) and many earlier authorities… down to the time of LORD COKE; and which are to be found collected in Yates v. Lansing n(7) and Revis v. smith n(2). These two decisions, Yates v. Lansing n(7) and Revis v. Smith n(2), are themselves direct authorities that no action lies against parties or witnesses for anything said or done, although falsely and maliciously and without any reasonable or probable cause, in the ordinary course of any proceeding in a court of justice.”
n(2) (1856), 18 C.B. 126.
n(6) (1607), 12 Co. Rep. 23.
n(7) (1810) 5 Johnson’s New York Supreme Ct. Rep. 282; affd. (1812), 9 Johnson’s New York Supreme Ct. Rep. 395.
Then he continues to make other extracts from cases, which have been repeated from time to time, from LORD MANSFIELD n(8) onwards. I draw attention to the width of the language used by the Chief Baron in the passage which I have just read.
n(8) In R. v. Skinner, (1772), Lofft at p. 55.
There has been a recent case in this court, in which we had to consider the privilege of statements made before a court and in relation to judicial proceedings — Lincoln v. Daniels n(9). There was cited n(10) in the course of the judgment in that case a passage from FRY, L.J., in Munster v. Lamb n(11), which was heard in 1883, where the learned lord justice said:
n(9) [1961] 3 All E.R. 740; [1962] 1 Q.B. 237.
n(10) [1961] 3 All E.R. at p. 743; [1962] 1 Q.B. at p. 247.
n(11) (1883), 11 Q.B.D. at p. 607.
“The rule of law exists, not because the conduct of those persons ought not of itself to be actionable, but because if their conduct was actionable, actions would be brought against judges and witnesses in cases in which they had not spoken with malice, in which they hadnot spoken with falsehood. It is not a desire to prevent actions from being brought in cases where they ought to be maintained that has led to the adoption of the present rule of law; but it is the fear that if the rule were otherwise, numerous actions would be brought against persons who were merely discharging their duty. It must always be borne in mind that it is not intended to protect malicious and untruthful persons, but that it is intended to protect persons acting bona fide, who under a different rule would be liable, not perhaps to verdicts and judgments against them, but to the vexation of defending actions.”
SIR WILLIAM BRETT, M.R., said also n(12):
n(12) (1883), 11 Q.B.D. at p. 599.
“… inasmuch as the words were uttered with reference to, and in the course of, the judicial inquiry which was going on, no action will lie against the defendant, however improper his behaviour may have been.”
It has been sought in this case to draw a difference between the action of libel and slander, the action of defamation, and that which is set up in this case, one of conspiracy. I can see no difference in the principles of the matter at all. Whatever form of action is sought to be derived from what was said or done in the course of judicial proceedings must suffer the same fate of being barred by the rule which protects witnesses in their evidence before the court and in the preparation of the evidence which is to be so given. LORD ESHER, M.R., has been well cited too; in Royal Aquarium and Summer and Winter Garden Society v. Parkinson n(13) he says n(14):
n(13) [1892] 1 Q.B. 431.
n(14) [1892] 1 Q.B. at p. 442.
“It is true that, in respect of statements made in the course of proceedings before a court of justice, whether by judge, or counsel, or witnesses, there is an absolute immunity from liability to an action. The ground of that rule is public policy. It is applicable to all kinds of courts of justice…”
In this case it is not suggested that there is any difference between the proceedings in a criminal court and the proceedings before the Masters of the Bench of Lincoln’s Inn.
As it chances, there has been found by the industry of the defendants’ counsel a case which is very much in point, from the High Court of Australia — Cabassi v. Vila n(15) — where an allegation was made to found a cause of action of a conspiracy arising out of evidence which had been given in the course of the trial. The headnote reads (upholding a decision of the Supreme Court of Queensland):
n(15) (1940), 64 C.L.R. 130, affg. Cabassi v. Ferrando, [1940] St. R.Qd. 70.
“The principle that no civil action lies in respect of evidence (although false and maclicious) given by witnesses in the course of judicial proceedings extends to prevent the maintenance of an action for conspiracy by an unsuccessful litigant against witnesses whom he alleges to have conspired together to give false evidence.”
There is a valuable passage which I would select and entirely approve from the several judgments in that case, from the judgment of STARKE, J., where he says n(16):
n(16) (1940), 64 C.L.R. at p. 140.
“No action lies in respect of evidence given by witnesses in the course of judicial proceedings, however false and malicious it may be, any more than it lies against judges, advocates or parties in respect of words used by them in the course of such proceedings or against juries in respect of their verdicts.”
Then he cites authorities, most, if nt all, of them being English authorities, and continues:
“Actions against witnesses for defamation have failed and so have actions analogous to actions for malicious prosecution, which SIR WILLIAM BRETT, M.R., thought were brought ‘in despair’ (Munster v. Lamb n(17)), and now we have an action against witnesses for conspiracy to give, adduce and procure false evidence justified by the proposition taken from Sorrell v. Smith n(18) that a combination of a set of persons or a conspiracy for the purpose of injuring another followed by actual injury is actionable. But it does not matter whether the action is framed as an action for defamation or as an action analogous to an action for malicious prosecution or for deceit or, as in this instance, for combining or conspiring together for the purpose of injuring another: the rule of law is that no action lies against witnesses in respect of evidence prepared (Watson v. M’Ewan, Watson v. Jones n(19)), given adduced or procured by them in the course of legal proceedings. The law protects witnesses and others, not for their benefit, but for a higher interest, namely, the advancement of public justice.”
n(17) (1883), 11 Q.B.D. at p. 602.
n(18) [1925] All E.R. Rep. 1; [1925] A.C. 700.
n(19) [1905] A.C. 480.
I have n doubt that the judgment of SALMON, J., was correct, and I would dismiss this appeal.
JUDGMENTBY-2: WILLMER, L.J.
JUDGMENT-2:
WILLMER, L.J.: Like SELLERS, L.J., I find myself completely in agreement with the decision of SALMON, J., and with the reasons he gave for it. In those circumstances, I propose to add only one observation to what has already fallen from my Lord.
In order to complete the citation of authority, I think that it is well to refer to the weighty words of the EARL OF HALSBURY, L.C., in Watson v. M’Ewan, Watson v. Jones n(20). He there said:
n(20) [1905] A.C. at p. 486.
“… for very obvious reasons, the conduct of legal procedure by courts of justice, with the necessity of compelling witnesses to attend, involves as one of the necessities of the administration of justice the immunity of witnesses from actions being brought against them in respect of evidence they have given. So far the matter, I think, is too plain for argument.”
There the principle involved is stated in the widest possible terms, certainly wide enough to embrace a case of this sort.
I agree that the appeal should be dismissed.
JUDGMENTBY-3: DIPLOCK, L.J.
JUDGMENT-3:
DIPLOCK, L.J.: I agree. The statement of claim in this action alleges that the defendants conspired together with another person to injure the plaintiff in his reputation and standing as a barrister by making false and defamatory statements of and concerning him. The particulars of the overt acts relied on, both as giving rise to the inference that there was a conspiracy and as causing the damage, consist of three sets of statements. First, statements alleged to have been made to the Director of Public Prosecutions for the purposes of a prosecution against two persons, Blythe and Rossi; second, statements alleged to have been made on oath in the witness-box during the trial of those two persons at the Old Bailey; and thirdly, statements alleged to have been made at an inquiry concerning the plaintiff before the Masters of the Bench of Lincoln’s Inn. It is conceded by counsel for the plaintiff that the occasion on which each of those statements was made was absolutely privileged, but he says that he is not relying on those statements as constituting a cause of action but on the antecedent agreement which must be inferred from the statements that the defendants conspired together to injure the plaintiff; and he points out that a conspiracy to injure a plaintiff is an actionable conspiracy, irrespective of whether the means employed are in themselves tortious or not. It follows, therefore, if he is right, that an action will lie against witnesses, counsel, juries, the judges of the court itself, for actions which they have taken in the course of the administration of justice during the hearing of cases, provided that that action was taken with the primary intention of injuring the plaintiff. It matters not, therefore, so far as the cause of action is concerned, whether the evidence which witnesses are alleged to have given should be true or false. Similarly, an action would lie against a jury (on counsel for the plaintiff’s argument) for a verdict of guilty, even though that verdict were justified by the facts, provided that the dominant motive of the jury had been to injure the plaintiff. Similarly (as counsel for the defendants pointed out), an action might lie against the members of this court in respect of a judgment which they delivered — as this one will be — expressing views adverse to one of the parties in the proceedings.
The rule of public policy is laid down very clearly in the House of Lords in the speech of the EARL OF HALSBURY, L.C., in Watson v. M’Ewan, Watson v. Jones n(21), where he said this, in 1905:
n(21) [1905] A.C. at p. 486.
“By complete authority, including the authority of this House n(22), it has been decided that the privilege of a witness, the immunity frm responsibility in an action when evidence has been given by him in a court of justice, is too well established now to be shaken. Practically I may say that in my view it is absolutely unarguable — it is settled law and cannot be doubted.”
n(22) See Dawkins v. Lord Rokeby, (1875), L.R. 7 H.L. 744.
Counsel for the plaintiff has sought to persuade this court that that rule of public policy, for reasons which it is impossible to explain, applies only to actions for defamation and that, if one is sufficiently ingenious to discover some other way of bringing an action against a witness for evidence which he has given in a court, then public policy does not apply to that, although all the evils of the action are precisely the same as if it were a direct action for defamation. It seems to me quite plain on the authorities — and on the English authorities as well as the Australian authority directly in point — that that argument is without foundation.
An attempt very similar to that in this case was made in 1856, in Revis v. Smith n(23). There, instead of bringing an action for defamation, an attempt was made to bring a special action on the case, analogous to malicious prosecution. As CROMPTON, J., said in Henderson v. Broomhead n(24): “That seems to have been done in despair” words which, in my view, are appropriate to this attempt in 1962. Yet another attempt was made quite recently, in Hargreaves v. Bretherton n(25), where an action was brought claiming damages against the defendants for “falsely and maliciously and without just occasion or excuse [committing] perjury in relation to the facts of the case”. LORD GODDARD, C.J., dealt with the authorities which have been referred to by SELLERS, L.J., in the present case; and there is only one passage in his judgment to which I desire to refer, for it seems to me to be apt to this case. It is a short paragraph towards the end of his judgment, in which he said this n(26):
n(23) (1856), 18 C.B. 126.
n(24) (1859), 4 H. & N. at p. 579.
n(25) [1958] 3 All E.R. 122; [1959] 1 Q.B. 45.
n(26) [1958] 3 All E.R. at p. 125; [1959] 1 Q.B. at p. 54.
“I hope counsel for the plaintiff will not think that I have been discourteous to him if I say that it seems to me that this is an obvious ‘try-on’. Attempts have been made over a period of two hundred or three hundred years to bring these actions, but they have universally failed.”
In my opinion, this appeal is, as LORD HALSBURY said n(21), “absolutely unarguable”. I agree that it should be dismissed.
n(21) [1905] A.C. at p. 486.
DISPOSITION:
Appeal dismissed. Leave to appeal to the House of Lords refused.
SOLICITORS:
Lesser & Co. (for the plaintiff); Solicitor, Metropolitan Police (for the defendants).
Leave a reply to Shaquana Rainville Cancel reply
MOHAMAD IZAHAM MOHAMED YATIM
The Mathematical Theory of Nothing
Anti Cyber Forensics
- How to Build Man. United’s Grid Layout Homepage
- The Best Way to Quickly Build a Beautiful WordPress Website
- Font Freedom: Unleash Creative Typography on Your WordPress.com Site
- The Top 5 AI-Powered Tools for WordPress Creatives
- Hot Off the Press: New WordPress.com Themes for April 2024
- Meet Studio: Your New Favorite Way to Develop WordPress Locally
- WordPress Block Patterns Give You Superpowers
- 10 Amazing WordPress Design Resources
- Making 43% of the Web More Dynamic with the WordPress Interactivity API
- WordPress Website Speed Build: The Masters Golf Tournament
Anti Cyber Forensics - The Art of Counter-Cyber Forensics 
Thanks for writing this post. Now everything is clear for me.
I spent couple of minutes at your www and i am very impressed, very good interesting post
Regards
Its like you read my mind! You seem to know a lot about this, like you wrote the book in it or something. I think that you can do with some pics to drive the message home a little bit, but other than that, this is excellent blog. A fantastic read. I will certainly be back.
I like this web blog so much, saved to my bookmarks .
I conceive this website holds some real great information for everyone : D.
I am glad to be one of several visitors on this outstanding site (:, thanks for putting up.
Excellent goods from you, man. I’ve understand your stuff previous to and you’re just extremely great. I really like what you’ve acquired here, certainly like what you are saying and the way in which you say it. You make it enjoyable and you still take care of to keep it smart. I can not wait to read much more from you. This is actually a wonderful web site.
Some really nice and useful information on this web site , besides I conceive the style has superb features.
I want meeting useful information , this post has got me even more info! .
I like this weblog its a master peace ! Glad I detected this on google .
Keep up the fantastic work , I read few posts on this website and I think that your site is really interesting and contains circles of superb info .
Some genuinely interesting info , well written and broadly speaking user pleasant.
The subsequent time I read a blog, I hope that it doesnt disappoint me as a lot as this one. I mean, I know it was my choice to learn, but I really thought youd have something fascinating to say. All I hear is a bunch of whining about one thing that you would repair in the event you werent too busy on the lookout for attention.
Perfect piece of work you have done, this website is really cool with excellent information.
I was looking through some of your blog posts on this website and I conceive this website is rattling instructive! Continue posting .
As soon as I discovered this internet site I went on reddit to share some of the love with them.
I like the valuable information you provide in your articles. I¡¦ll bookmark your blog and check again here frequently. I am quite certain I will learn many new stuff right here! Best of luck for the next!
I am impressed with this site, rattling I am a fan .
Good post. I be taught one thing more challenging on totally different blogs everyday. It’ll all the time be stimulating to read content material from different writers and observe somewhat something from their store. I’d desire to make use of some with the content on my blog whether or not you don’t mind. Natually I’ll provide you with a hyperlink in your internet blog. Thanks for sharing.
Enjoyed examining this, very good stuff, appreciate it.
Woh I enjoy your blog posts, saved to favorites ! .
Some truly interesting info , well written and broadly user pleasant.
Simply wanna comment on few general things, The website style and design is perfect, the subject material is rattling good : D.
I am impressed with this web site , rattling I am a fan .
Thanks for helping out, excellent info .
I like this weblog very much so much great information.
I went over this site and I think you have a lot of wonderful info , saved to favorites (:.
I like this post, enjoyed this one thankyou for posting .
I don’t commonly comment but I gotta admit thankyou for the post on this perfect one : D.
As soon as I found this web site I went on reddit to share some of the love with them.
Some really choice posts on this internet site , saved to my bookmarks .
Some times its a pain in the ass to read what people wrote but this web site is very user pleasant! .
I visited a lot of website but I conceive this one holds something extra in it in it
Thanks for helping out, superb info .
Keep up the great work , I read few posts on this site and I conceive that your weblog is very interesting and holds lots of excellent information.
I like the valuable information you provide in your articles. I¡¦ll bookmark your weblog and check again here regularly. I am quite certain I will learn many new stuff right here! Good luck for the next!
hey there and thank you for your info ¡V I¡¦ve certainly picked up something new from right here. I did however expertise some technical issues using this site, since I experienced to reload the website lots of times previous to I could get it to load properly. I had been wondering if your web host is OK? Not that I’m complaining, but slow loading instances times will often affect your placement in google and could damage your high quality score if advertising and marketing with Adwords. Anyway I am adding this RSS to my email and could look out for a lot more of your respective fascinating content. Ensure that you update this again very soon..
Regards for helping out, good information.
One important thing is that when you find yourself searching for a education loan you may find that you’ll need a cosigner. There are many conditions where this is true because you might find that you do not have a past credit ranking so the bank will require that you have someone cosign the financial loan for you. Good post.
I got what you mean , thankyou for putting up.Woh I am lucky to find this website through google.
Cool, there is actually some good points on here some of my readers will maybe find this relevant, will send a link, many thanks.
I regard something truly special in this site.
I am not real superb with English but I line up this rattling easygoing to translate.
I am thankful that I noticed this website , just the right info that I was searching for! .
I the efforts you have put in this, thankyou for all the great posts .
Perfect work you have done, this site is really cool with fantastic info .
Glad to be one of several visitors on this awesome site : D.
I like this internet site because so much useful stuff on here : D.
I have an older version of Dreamweaver. Looks like I can upload using the info as shown in your post.
I believe this site has got some really superb information for everyone : D.
I believe other website owners should take this web site as an model, very clean and great user friendly design and style .
Woh I love your posts , saved to fav! .
I enjoy the efforts you have put in this, appreciate it for all the great blog posts.
If you’re still on the fence: grab your favorite earphones, head down to a Best Buy and ask to plug them into a Zune then an iPod and see which one sounds better to you, and which interface makes you smile more. Then you’ll know which is right for you.
Sorry for the huge review, but I’m really loving the new Zune, and hope this, as well as the excellent reviews some other people have written, will help you decide if it’s the right choice for you.
You got a very fantastic website, Gladiolus I detected it through yahoo.
I’ll gear this review to 2 types of people: current Zune owners who are considering an upgrade, and people trying to decide between a Zune and an iPod. (There are other players worth considering out there, like the Sony Walkman X, but I hope this gives you enough info to make an informed decision of the Zune vs players other than the iPod line as well.)
The new Zune browser is surprisingly good, but not as good as the iPod’s. It works well, but isn’t as fast as Safari, and has a clunkier interface. If you occasionally plan on using the web browser that’s not an issue, but if you’re planning to browse the web alot from your PMP then the iPod’s larger screen and better browser may be important.
Hi. Neat post. There is a problem with your website in firefox, and you may want to check this… The browser is the marketplace leader and a good component of people will miss your magnificent writing because of this problem.
If you’re still on the fence: grab your favorite earphones, head down to a Best Buy and ask to plug them into a Zune then an iPod and see which one sounds better to you, and which interface makes you smile more. Then you’ll know which is right for you.
Hi. Cool post. There is an issue with your site in firefox, and you may want to test this… The browser is the market leader and a good section of other folks will pass over your excellent writing due to this problem.
I’ll gear this review to 2 types of people: current Zune owners who are considering an upgrade, and people trying to decide between a Zune and an iPod. (There are other players worth considering out there, like the Sony Walkman X, but I hope this gives you enough info to make an informed decision of the Zune vs players other than the iPod line as well.)
Outstanding post, I think blog owners should larn a lot from this blog its very user genial .
I really like your writing style, excellent info , thanks for posting : D.
Real instructive and great bodily structure of written content , now that’s user friendly (:.
I am perpetually thought about this, thanks for putting up.
Sorry for the huge review, but I’m really loving the new Zune, and hope this, as well as the excellent reviews some other people have written, will help you decide if it’s the right choice for you.
I like this website very much, Its a really nice situation to read and incur information.
I like this website because so much utile material on here : D.
erson to person. For many years, the query of size hasbeen a hot matter for debate for both men and women. Nonetheless, for men, generally, an over average endowment size is unquestionable. For them, it is anvital aspect to totally satisfy women. No question about that since most men will have parti
What an excellent submit! After reading it I spotted that these had been my beliefs about these issues, as well. I wished to take the time to thank you for this much appreciated content. Lately, I have been by many issues in my life that left me feeling considerably adrift. Today, anyone can discover so much details about such matters, but it’s good content material like this that helps us to higher perceive ourselves, eradicating the insecurity that many people feel. As we speak I learned so much from you, and your article will probably be remembered for a very long time to come. I will positively return for more.
The new Zune browser is surprisingly good, but not as good as the iPod’s. It works well, but isn’t as fast as Safari, and has a clunkier interface. If you occasionally plan on using the web browser that’s not an issue, but if you’re planning to browse the web alot from your PMP then the iPod’s larger screen and better browser may be important.
Perfect work you have done, this web site is really cool with fantastic information.
I the efforts you have put in this, regards for all the great blog posts.
Would you be interested in exchanging hyperlinks?
I like this web site its a master peace ! Glad I discovered this on google .
Some genuinely nice stuff on this website , I like it.
Hello. Neat post. There’s an issue with the site in internet explorer, and you may want to check this… The browser is the market chief and a good element of other people will miss your great writing because of this problem.
Zune and iPod: Most people compare the Zune to the Touch, but after seeing how slim and surprisingly small and light it is, I consider it to be a rather unique hybrid that combines qualities of both the Touch and the Nano. It’s very colorful and lovely OLED screen is slightly smaller than the touch screen, but the player itself feels quite a bit smaller and lighter. It weighs about 2/3 as much, and is noticeably smaller in width and height, while being just a hair thicker.
Very interesting info !Perfect just what I was looking for!
I like this blog very much, Its a real nice billet to read and obtain information.
I’ll gear this review to 2 types of people: current Zune owners who are considering an upgrade, and people trying to decide between a Zune and an iPod. (There are other players worth considering out there, like the Sony Walkman X, but I hope this gives you enough info to make an informed decision of the Zune vs players other than the iPod line as well.)
Would love to forever get updated great site ! .
Hello! This is my 1st comment here so I just wanted to give a quick shout out and tell you I genuinely enjoy reading through your posts. Can you recommend any other blogs/websites/forums that go over the same subjects? Thank you so much!
Admiring the hard work you put into your website and in depth information you present. It’s awesome to come across a blog every once in a while that isn’t the same unwanted rehashed material. Fantastic read! I’ve saved your site and I’m adding your RSS feeds to my Google account.
Loving the info on this website , you have done great job on the articles .
*Spot on with this write-up, I truly think this website needs much more consideration. I’ll probably be again to read much more, thanks for that info.
Good day! Do you know if they make any plugins to safeguard against hackers? I’m kinda paranoid about losing everything I’ve worked hard on. Any recommendations?
I value the article post.Much thanks again. Keep writing.
Wow, great blog.Much thanks again. Awesome.
Thanks a lot for the article.Thanks Again. Great.
thats very nice of you, thanks and waitin for your next post
Thank you for your blog article.Thanks Again. Really Great.
A big thank you for your blog.Really looking forward to read more. Want more.
A big thank you for your article post.Really looking forward to read more. Really Great.
I cannot thank you enough for the blog post. Really Cool.
Major thanks for the blog.Really thank you! Really Cool.
Really enjoyed this blog.Thanks Again. Want more.
Hi! Someone in my Myspace group shared this website with us so I came to take a look. I’m definitely enjoying the information. I’m book-marking and will be tweeting this to my followers! Fantastic blog and outstanding design.
Muchos Gracias for your article.Really thank you! Great.
I’m curious to find out what blog platform you’re utilizing? I’m having some small security issues with my latest site and I would like to find something more safe. Do you have any suggestions?
Very good blog article.Really looking forward to read more. Awesome.
Really appreciate you sharing this article post.Thanks Again. Great.
Thanks a lot for the article.Thanks Again. Fantastic.
Thanks for the post.Thanks Again.
Hey would you mind letting me know which hosting company you’re using? I’ve loaded your blog in 3 completely different browsers and I must say this blog loads a lot faster then most. Can you suggest a good hosting provider at a honest price? Kudos, I appreciate it!
Thank you ever so for you blog.Much thanks again. Awesome.
I really like and appreciate your article post.Thanks Again.
I was studying some of your posts on this site and I conceive this website is very informative ! Retain posting .
I conceive you have remarked some very interesting points , regards for the post.
Thank you for sharing with us, I conceive this website really stands out : D.
I look forward to reading more of these interesting blogs from you. Thanks for taking the time.
Thanks a lot for the blog post. Awesome.
A round of applause for your blog post.Really thank you! Really Great.
Well… I was very intrigued by this blog. I found this very informative. I look forward to hearing your opinions soon.
I guess I’m with you on this one! Nice read!
Good stuff here! Well written and nicely explained.
This article gives the light in which we can observe the reality. this is very nice one and gives indepth information. thanks for this nice article
I thought it was going to be some boring old post, but it really compensated for my time. I will post a link to this page on my blog. I am sure my visitors will find that very useful.
I am so grateful for your blog post.Much thanks again.
I seen this blog when I was doing a Google search. Thanks for the good read, I look forward to reading more in the future.
It’s a shame you don’t have a donate button! I’d definitely donate to this brilliant blog! I suppose for now i’ll settle for book-marking and adding your RSS feed to my Google account. I look forward to new updates and will share this site with my Facebook group. Talk soon!
Sprawdzalem ten portal jest super
Hey, thanks for the blog post. Want more.
Great blog post.Really looking forward to read more. Fantastic.
Here we go again… I’m spending an extremely long time reading these blogs. Oh Well! It was worth it.
I cannot thank you enough for the post.Really thank you!
I really like what you had to say. I’ve been thinking about starting a blog like this, but I just don’t know if I’d have the tenacity and the momentum to keep going day after day. I guess I should go for it if I really want it! haha. Good on you for YOUR blog!
I’ll gear this review to 2 types of people: current Zune owners who are considering an upgrade, and people trying to decide between a Zune and an iPod. (There are other players worth considering out there, like the Sony Walkman X, but I hope this gives you enough info to make an informed decision of the Zune vs players other than the iPod line as well.)
http://www.cipauap.edu.bo/mapas/?p=2898
Looking forward to reading more. Great blog post.Thanks Again. Really Cool.
I value the post. Much obliged.
Muchos Gracias for your article.Really thank you! Keep writing.
http://www.the-chihuahua.co.uk/general/breed-standards-for-the-chihuahua
I am so grateful for your article post.Really thank you! Keep writing.
Really appreciate you sharing this blog post.Really thank you! Really Cool.
Very neat article post.Really looking forward to read more. Cool.
I truly appreciate this post. Keep writing.
wow, awesome article.Thanks Again. Awesome.
Hi. I just noticed that your site looks like it has a few code problems at the very top of your site’s page. I’m not sure if everybody is getting this same error when browsing your site? I am employing a totally different browser than most people, referred to as Opera, so that is what might be causing it? I just wanted to make sure you know. Thanks for posting some great postings and I’ll try to return back with a completely different browser to check things out!
Keep the good work on these blogs. I know it must take a lot of time to put together. However, it’s worth it.
Keep the good work on these blogs. I know it must take a lot of time to put together. However, it’s worth it.
I never realized how much work it takes to start a blog. I just tried making one myself, not very easy! Keep up the good work.
I just added this blog site to my bookmarks. I look forward to more insightful posts.
Is this the final piece to this blog? I feel like there might be coming an update soon possibly?
I seen this blog when I was doing a Google search. Thanks for the good read, I look forward to reading more in the future.
Interesting blog piece here! I look forward to coming back and reading more intriguing blog posts like this.
Very neat post.Much thanks again. Keep writing.
Do you guys read as many blogs as I do? I think I’m spending way to much time doing so!
Very informative blog post. I look forward to coming back for more. I just added this to my bookmarks.
This article gives the light in which we can observe the reality. this is very nice one and gives indepth information. thanks for this nice article
Great read here! I appreciate you making this nice blog.
It’s about time someone wrote a blog on this subject. I have thought about making a blog on this subject before, now I don’t need to. Thanks for the nice blog post.
Once again I enjoyed this blog. I appreciate you taking the time to write this.
I guess I’m with you on this one! Nice read!
It’s perfect time to make a few plans for the longer term and it is time to be happy. I’ve read this post and if I could I wish to suggest you few interesting issues or advice. Maybe you can write subsequent articles relating to this article. I desire to learn more things about it!
Appreciate you sharing, great article post. Fantastic.
Muchos Gracias for your post. Awesome.
Say, you got a nice blog.Thanks Again. Want more.
I gotta bookmark this web site it seems very useful very helpful
I don’t ordinarily comment but I gotta state regards for the post on this great one : D.
I like the helpful info you provide in your articles. I¡¦ll bookmark your blog and check again here regularly. I’m quite sure I will learn plenty of new stuff right here! Best of luck for the next!
I’d perpetually want to be update on new content on this internet site , saved to fav! .
Magnificent goods from you, man. I’ve understand your stuff previous to and you are just extremely excellent. I actually like what you have acquired here, really like what you’re stating and the way in which you say it. You make it enjoyable and you still take care of to keep it wise. I can not wait to read far more from you. This is really a wonderful site.
I am impressed with this site, really I am a big fan .
I got what you mean ,bookmarked , very nice site.
I like the valuable info you provide in your articles. I¡¦ll bookmark your blog and check again here regularly. I’m quite sure I will learn lots of new stuff right here! Good luck for the next!
I am glad that I discovered this site , just the right info that I was looking for! .
Yay google is my world beater helped me to find this outstanding web site ! .
I like the valuable information you provide in your articles. I will bookmark your weblog and check again here frequently. I am quite sure I¡¦ll learn many new stuff right here! Good luck for the next!
Some really good information, Gladiola I noticed this.
Perfect piece of work you have done, this web site is really cool with superb information.
I think this is among the most significant info for me. And i am glad reading your article. But wanna remark on some general things, The site style is perfect, the articles is really nice : D. Good job, cheers
Magnificent goods from you, man. I’ve understand your stuff previous to and you’re just extremely magnificent. I really like what you’ve acquired here, really like what you’re stating and the way in which you say it. You make it enjoyable and you still care for to keep it wise. I cant wait to read much more from you. This is actually a great site.
I am not very fantastic with English but I get hold this very leisurely to read .
Would love to always get updated outstanding blog ! .
I like this site very much so much wonderful info .
Some really interesting information, well written and broadly user genial .
I very happy to find this website on bing, just what I was searching for : D besides bookmarked .
Really excellent info can be found on website .
Rattling good visual appeal on this internet site , I’d value it 10 10.
I believe this web site has got some really good info for everyone : D.
As soon as I detected this website I went on reddit to share some of the love with them.
I went over this website and I believe you have a lot of fantastic info , saved to fav (:.
Very interesting subject , thankyou for posting .
I enjoy meeting utile info, this post has got me even more info! .
I got what you mean , thanks for posting .Woh I am happy to find this website through google.
Great post, you have pointed out some great details , I likewise believe this s a very excellent website.
I am glad to be one of several visitors on this great web site (:, thanks for putting up.
I went over this internet site and I believe you have a lot of excellent information, saved to my bookmarks (:.
I like this web site because so much utile stuff on here : D.
Some genuinely interesting info , well written and broadly speaking user pleasant.
Just a smiling visitor here to share the love (:, btw great style .
Appreciate it for helping out, great info .
Absolutely pent articles , Really enjoyed reading through .
I always was interested in this topic and still am, appreciate it for posting .
Wohh just what I was searching for, appreciate it for posting .
You got a very superb website, Sword lily I noticed it through yahoo.
Merely a smiling visitor here to share the love (:, btw outstanding design and style .
I like forgathering useful info, this post has got me even more info! .
Sweet website , super design and style , real clean and employ genial .
I am glad to be one of the visitors on this great web site (:, appreciate it for posting .
Some genuinely interesting points you have written.Helped me a lot, just what I was looking for : D.
I view something genuinely special in this website .
Lovely just what I was looking for.Thanks to the author for taking his time on this one.
Some genuinely nice and utilitarian information on this website , likewise I think the design holds good features.
I conceive other website proprietors should take this website as an model, very clean and wonderful user friendly layout.
You are my intake , I have few blogs and occasionally run out from to brand : (.
Lovely just what I was searching for.Thanks to the author for taking his clock time on this one.
Its wonderful as your other content : D, thankyou for posting .
You have noted very interesting details ! ps decent internet site .
It is appropriate time to make some plans for the future and it’s time to be happy. I’ve read this post and if I could I wish to suggest you few interesting things or advice. Maybe you could write next articles referring to this article. I wish to read even more things about it!
Appreciate it for helping out, good information.
I genuinely enjoy studying on this web site , it holds great posts .
so much great information on here, : D.
I like this weblog its a master peace ! Glad I detected this on google .
You have remarked very interesting details ! ps decent site.
Absolutely indited subject material , thanks for entropy.
Thank you for sharing with us, I think this website genuinely stands out : D.
Appreciate it for all your efforts that you have put in this. very interesting info .
I like this site its a master peace ! Glad I found this on google .
Thank you for sharing with us, I conceive this website genuinely stands out : D.
You have brought up a very great details , appreciate it for the post.
Great post, I think people should learn a lot from this blog its really user pleasant.
Some really nice and useful information on this website , as well I believe the design and style holds wonderful features.
I enjoy your writing style truly enjoying this internet site .
I conceive this site has got some very great information for everyone : D.
Woh I love your articles , saved to favorites ! .
Very good info can be found on site .
I conceive other website proprietors should take this internet site as an example , very clean and excellent user friendly design .
I likewise think thence , perfectly indited post! .
I think other website owners should take this site as an model, very clean and good user friendly pattern .
As I website owner I believe the subject material here is very good , thanks for your efforts.
I think this is one of the most important info for me. And i’m glad reading your article. But wanna remark on some general things, The site style is perfect, the articles is really great : D. Good job, cheers
I got what you mean , saved to bookmarks , very decent internet site .
I’d constantly want to be update on new content on this internet site , saved to my bookmarks ! .
I think other website proprietors should take this website as an model, very clean and excellent user friendly design .
I believe this website contains some rattling great information for everyone : D.
Magnificent goods from you, man. I’ve understand your stuff previous to and you are just extremely fantastic. I actually like what you have acquired here, certainly like what you are stating and the way in which you say it. You make it entertaining and you still take care of to keep it wise. I can not wait to read far more from you. This is actually a tremendous web site.
As soon as I discovered this internet site I went on reddit to share some of the love with them.
I dugg some of you post as I cogitated they were handy extremely helpful
Merely a smiling visitor here to share the love (:, btw great pattern .
I am always thought about this, appreciate it for posting .
Very nice layout and superb subject material , hardly anything else we want : D.
I as well think thus, perfectly composed post! .
Thanks for helping out, excellent information.
I believe this web site has got very excellent indited articles articles .
Some really excellent information, Glad I detected this.
Great article.
Thanks on your marvelous posting! I definitely enjoyed reading it, you are a great author.I will ensure that I bookmark your blog and may come back in the foreseeable future. I want to encourage you to definitely continue your great posts, have a nice weekend!
I was very pleased to find this web-site.I wanted to thanks for your time for this wonderful read!! I definitely enjoying every little bit of it and I have you bookmarked to check out new stuff you blog post.
Thanks-a-mundo for the article post.Thanks Again. Want more.
Thanks a lot for the blog.Thanks Again. Really Cool.
I cannot thank you enough for the post.Much thanks again. Awesome.
I cannot thank you enough for the article post.Really thank you!
I truly appreciate this post.Really thank you! Want more.
Enjoyed every bit of your article post.Much thanks again. Fantastic.
Really enjoyed this blog.Really thank you! Great.
Very informative article post.Thanks Again. Great.
Thanks again for the blog article.Really looking forward to read more. Really Cool.
Muchos Gracias for your blog post.Much thanks again. Fantastic.
I really liked your blog article.Much thanks again. Really Cool.
I have to voice my affection for your generosity in support of folks who actually need help with this one field. Your personal dedication to passing the message throughout became remarkably effective and have all the time empowered people much like me to get to their targets. Your own insightful hints and tips signifies much to me and much more to my colleagues. Thanks a lot; from each one of us.
Appreciate you sharing, great article post.Thanks Again. Really Great.
Say, you got a nice blog article.Much thanks again. Really Great.
Im obliged for the post.Much thanks again.
Thanks a lot for the post.Really looking forward to read more.
I really like and appreciate your post.Thanks Again.
Thanks so much for providing individuals with an extremely splendid chance to discover important secrets from this blog. It really is very beneficial and as well , stuffed with a good time for me personally and my office co-workers to visit the blog nearly three times a week to read the latest tips you have got. And of course, I am just always motivated with all the spectacular hints you serve. Selected 3 areas in this post are essentially the most effective I’ve ever had.
I not to mention my friends were going through the excellent secrets on your web blog and then before long I got an awful suspicion I had not expressed respect to the website owner for those techniques. All the young men happened to be consequently passionate to see them and now have seriously been enjoying those things. Thank you for simply being simply accommodating and for picking varieties of perfect resources most people are really desperate to know about. My personal honest apologies for not saying thanks to sooner.
Appreciate you sharing, great article post.Really thank you! Really Great.
Im thankful for the post.Really thank you! Great.
you have a great blog here! would you like to make some invite posts on my blog?
Wow, great blog article.Really looking forward to read more. Great.
I discovered your blog site on google and check a few of your early posts. Continue to keep up the very good operate. I just additional up your RSS feed to my MSN News Reader. Seeking forward to reading more from you later on!…
I value the post.Really looking forward to read more. Much obliged.
Looking forward to reading more. Great article post.Much thanks again. Fantastic.
I loved your article.Thanks Again.
I really liked your blog.Really thank you! Will read on…
Appreciate you sharing, great article post.Really looking forward to read more. Cool.
Im thankful for the blog post. Fantastic.
I really enjoy the article post.Thanks Again. Great.
Thanks a lot for the blog article.Thanks Again. Great.
Major thankies for the post.Really looking forward to read more. Great.
Appreciate you sharing, great article post.Really looking forward to read more. Great.
A round of applause for your article.Really looking forward to read more. Great.
I really enjoy the post.Thanks Again. Keep writing.
This really answered my problem, thank you!
I would like to point out my respect for your generosity for men who absolutely need help with the subject. Your personal dedication to passing the solution around became wonderfully productive and has without exception made ladies just like me to get to their targets. Your amazing interesting suggestions means a whole lot to me and much more to my peers. Best wishes; from everyone of us.
Vr0wkU This is one awesome blog post.Thanks Again. Much obliged.
Excellent website. Lots of useful information here. I am sending it to some buddies ans also sharing in delicious. And of course, thanks to your sweat!
firefall crystite http://www.power-leveling-service.org/firefall/gold
Have you ever considered writing an ebook or guest authoring on other blogs? I have a blog based upon on the same subjects you discuss and would love to have you share some stories/information. I know my visitors would appreciate your work. If you’re even remotely interested, feel free to shoot me an email.
tera power leveling us http://www.power-leveling-service.org/tera
Magnificent items from you, man. I’ve consider your stuff prior to and you’re just too fantastic. I actually like what you have received here, really like what you’re saying and the way in which by which you assert it. You’re making it entertaining and you still care for to stay it wise. I can not wait to read much more from you. That is actually a tremendous website.
firefall crystite http://www.power-leveling-service.org/firefall/gold
8LiNaB I really liked your blog post.Thanks Again. Keep writing.